Effect of trehalose on the contributions to the dipole potential of lipid monolayers

The dipole potential and the area changes induced by trehalose on dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dietherPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE), 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (dietherPE) monolayers have been studied at different temperatures. The insertion of trehalose into DMPC monolayers in the fluid and gel states requires of the presence of carbonyl groups. The area increase observed at 0.15 M trehalose is congruent with the decrease in the dipole potential. However, in dietherPC, in which trehalose does not affect the area, a decrease in the dipole potential is also observed. This is interpreted as a result of the displacement of water from the phosphate groups exposed to the aqueous phase. In DMPE, trehalose also decreases the dipole potential without affecting the area of saturated monolayers and in dietherPE no effect on dipole potential and area was observed. It is concluded that the spacer effect of trehalose depends on the specific interaction with CO, which is modulated by the strength of the interaction of the PO groups with lateral NH groups. However, it is not the only contribution to the dipole potential decrease.