Enzyme-amplified electrochemical hybridization assay based on PNA, LNA and DNA probe-modified micro-magnetic beads

In the present study, we investigated the properties of PNA and LNA capture probes in the development of an electrochemical hybridization assay. Streptavidin-coated paramagnetic micro-beads were used as a solid phase to immobilize biotinylated DNA, PNA and LNA capture probes, respectively. The target sequence was then recognized via hybridization with the capture probe. After labeling the biotinylated hybrid with a streptavidin–enzyme conjugate, the electrochemical detection of the enzymatic product was performed onto the surface of a disposable electrode. The assay was applied to the analytical detection of biotinylated DNA as well as RNA sequences. Detection limits, calculated considering the slope of the linear portion of the calibration curve in the range 0–2 nM were found to be 152, 118 and 91 pM, coupled with a reproducibility of the analysis equal to 5, 9 and 6%, calculated as RSD%, for DNA, PNA and LNA probes respectively, using the DNA target. In the case of the RNA target, the detection limits were found to be 51, 60 and 78 pM for DNA, PNA and LNA probes respectively.