Performance improvement in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) using metal catalyst prepared by dual mode spraying

► We use dual mode spraying for MEA preparation of DFAFCs. ► Affordability of dual mode spraying is compared with those of other conventional methods. ► Dual mode spraying shows better DFAFC cell performance at 5M formic acid. ► Higher EAS and lower Rct obtained by use of dual mode spraying cause the superiority.