Snapshots of encapsulated porphyrins and heme enzymes in metal-organic materials: A prevailing paradigm of heme mimicry

• Porphyrinoids and heme enzymes entrapped in metal-organic materials are discussed.
• Immobilization techniques and coordination between hosts and guests are described.
• Catalytic activities based on the similarities of mechanistic pathways are given.

Literature sources on metal-organic materials encapsulating versatile porphyrinoids and heme enzymes have been discussed in this review. General fundamentals and structural and chemical requisites of these architectures are discussed in introduction followed by historical perspectives of the initial composites. We have categorized the structural aspects of this class of compounds according to the host and guest skeletons as well as encapsulating strategies in a sequential manner. Heme mimetic, as well as some novel applications of the materials including oxidation, electron transfer, carbene transfer and bio-molecule sensing, are then discussed and compared with each other and their homogeneous analogues based on mechanistic similarities, wherever possible.

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