Amorphous silica nanohybrids: Synthesis, properties and applications

Hybridized nanomaterials have been extensively investigated due to their superior properties over individual nanomaterials and molecules. Amorphous silica nanoparticles are often employed as a matrix or carrier, along with a functional component, to form a silica-based nanohybrid. The functional component can be a molecule or another type of nanomaterial. These nanohybrids combine the advantages employing both silica and the functional component. So far, a variety of applications of such nanohybrids has been reported. In this review, we have covered several major types of silica nanohybrids. The functional components include regular fluorophores, chemiluminescent molecules, drug molecules, quantum dots, gold nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles and nanocatalysts. The synthesis strategies, properties and potential applications of each silica nanohybrid are discussed in detail. A conclusion is drawn based on the current progress and future perspectives of the silica nanohybrids.