Hybrid diphosphorus ligands in rhodium catalysed asymmetric hydroformylation

• Summary of relevant hybrid chiral diphosphorus ligands applied in Rh catalysed hydroformylation.
• Evaluation of performance of C2-symmetric and hybrid diphosphorus ligand systems in asymmetric hydroformylation (AHF).
• Discussion of in situ spectroscopic data for various hybrid ligand classes related to catalytic resting state in Rh-AHF.
• Correlation between ligand coordination, catalyst resting state and selectivity.
• Perspective on potential for new developments in the field of hybrid diphosphorus ligands.

This review aims to illustrate recent advances in the application of hybrid diphosphorus ligands for the Rh catalysed hydroformylation of alkenes, discussing the most prevalent classes of hybrid systems, i.e. phosphine-phosphinite, phosphine-phosphonite, phosphine-phosphite, phosphite-phosphoramidite and phosphite-phosphoramidite and comparing their performance with relevant C2 symmetric counterparts. In order to introduce the field and put the results in context, a short overview on Rh hydroformylation is provided. Available spectroscopic (in situ) data on the coordination modes of hybrid phosphorus ligands and the catalytic performance of these systems in asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl arenes are reported. Potential avenues for future research are shortly discussed.

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