Photoinduced ligand exchange and DNA binding of cis-[Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ with long wavelength visible light

The complex cis-[Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ (phpy = 2-phenylpyridine, phen = 1,10–phenanthroline) was investigated as a potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. This complex presents desirable photochemical characteristics including a low energy absorption tail extending into the PDT window (600–850 nm) and photoinduced exchange of the CH3CN ligands, generating a species analogous to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. Furthermore, photochemical reactivity can be controlled through selective irradiation into the Ru-phen singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) band (λirr = 500 nm) of [Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ in the presence of excess t-butylammonium chloride (TBACl) resulting in efficient photoinduced production of [Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)Cl] (Φ = 0.25). This lower energy irradiation resulted in greater quantum yield of photosubstitution when compared to direct irradiation into the Ru-phpy 1MLCT peak (λirr = 450 nm; Φ = 0.08) in CH2Cl2. It was found that the lower quantum yield observed for irradiation into the Ru→phpy−1MLCT band results from significant orbital mixing of the phpy− ligand with the t2g-type filled set in the metal, giving this state significant ligand-centered character. Lastly, this complex produced a decrease in the mobility of linearized ds-DNA when irradiated with λirr ≥ 420 nm, indicative of covalent binding by the transition metal complex similar to that observed for cisplatin. No change in mobility was found for the same samples kept in the dark indicating, unlike cisplatin, DNA binding of cis-[Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ only occurs with the activation of light. These observations support the use of cis-[Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ as a potential PDT agent by the photoinduced generation of a cisplatin analog.

The complex cis-[Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ (phpy = 2-phenylpyridine, phen = 1,10–phenanthroline) was investigated as a potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. This complex presents desirable photochemical characteristics including a low energy absorption tail extending into the PDT window (600–850 nm). Furthermore, photochemical reactivity can be controlled through selective irradiation into the Ru-phen 1MLCT band of [Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)2]+ resulting in efficient photoinduced production of [Ru(phpy)(phen)(CH3CN)Cl] (Φ = 0.25).Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► Ligand exchange and covalent DNA binding with irradiation in the PDT window by ruthenium complex.
► Significant ligand-metal orbital mixing results in irradiation at lower energies producing greater reactivity than those at higher energies.
► Decrease in mobility is observed upon irradiation of ds-DNA in the presence of the complex and no change in mobility is observed in the dark.