SiO2 nanospheres with tailorable interiors by directly controlling Zn2+ and NH3·H2O species in an emulsion process

SiO2 nanospheres with tailorable interiors were synthesized by a facile one-spot microemulsion process using TEOS as silica source, wherein cyclohexane including triton X-100 and n-octanol as oil phase and Zn2+ or NH3·H2O aqueous solution as dispersive phase, respectively. The products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction. It was suggested that the as-synthesized silica nanospheres possessed grape-stone-like porous or single hollow interior, and also found that the ammonia dosage and aging time played key roles in controlling the size and structure of silica nanospheres. Furthermore, the comparative results confirmed that in-situ zinc species [ZnO/Zn(OH)2] acted as the temporary templates to construct grape-stone-like interior, and a simultaneously competing etching process occurred owing to the soluble Zn(NH3)42+ complex formation while the additional excessive ammonia was introduced. With the aging time being extended, the in-situ nanocrystals tended to grow into bigger ones by Ostwald Ripening, producing single hollow interior.

Graphical AbstractFormation process of SiO2 nanospheres with porous and single hollow interior.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanocrystals as the temporary templates shape the interior structures of SiO2 nanospheres.
► Fabrication of porous and single hollow interiors needs no additional processes such as roasting or dissolving.
► Tailorable interiors can be easily obtained through adjusting the aging time of temporary templates.