Formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose during ozone treatment of pulp: Consequences for pulp bleaching

• Carbonyl groups formed on carbohydrates during ozone treatment are measured.
• A carbonyl-selective fluorescence label (CCOA method) is used.
• The formation of carbonyls is enhanced by the presence of lignin and hexenuronic acids.
• The quantity of carbonyls may increase during subsequent H2O2 treatment.
• Ways to reduce the occurrence of carbonyl formation are suggested.

The formation of carbonyl groups during the ozone treatment (Z) of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid) kraft pulps and their behaviors during subsequent alkaline stages were investigated by the CCOA method with carbazole-9-carboxylic acid [2-(2-aminooxethoxy)-ethoxy] amide (CCOA) as the carbonyl-selective fluorescence label. Several pulp samples with or without lignin and hexenuronic acids (hexA) were used to elucidate the effects of these components when present in unbleached kraft pulp. Both hexA and lignin increased the formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose and hemicellulose during ozonation. It was concluded that radicals are likely formed when ozone reacts with either lignin or hexA. These carbonyl groups were involved in cellulose depolymerization during subsequent alkaline extraction stages with sodium hydroxide (E) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (P, in ZEP or ZP). Their numbers decreased after E but increased during P when H2O2 was not stabilized enough. Several ways to minimize the occurrence of carbonyl group formation are suggested.