Synthesis, spectroscopic (UV–vis and GIAO NMR), crystallographic and theoretical studies of triazine heterocyclic derivatives

• Synthesis of triazine heterocyclic derivatives.
• Molecular geometry of compounds in the ground state using the DFT with 6-31G(d,p).
• Crystal structure determination of triazine heterocyclic derivatives.

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of triazine heterocyclic derivatives. The spectroscopic properties like nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR, (1H and 13C)] were recorded in CDCl3 solution and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrums of compounds, 5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-ylamine (1), (5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-hydrazine (2) and 5,6-diphenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazine-3-thione (3), were recorded in the range of 200–800 nm, using chloroform as base solvent. Molecular geometry of compounds with triazine heterocyclic derivative in the ground state have been calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) with 6-31G(d,p) basis set and compared with the X-ray experimental data. The calculated results show that the optimized geometry can well reproduce the crystal structures. Total static dipole moment (μ), the average linear polarizability (α) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecules have been computed using the same methods. The energetic behavior of compounds in solvent media has been examined using B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set by applying the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The total energy of compounds decreases with increasing polarity of the solvent. Frontier molecular orbitals and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR of three triazine derivatives were investigated using theoretical calculations. The linear polarizabilities and first hyperpolarizabilities of the studied molecules indicate that the compounds 1–3 can be used as a good nonlinear optical material (NLO). Isotropic chemical shifts were calculated using the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. Comparison of the NMR chemical shifts, absorption wavelengths with the experimental values revealed that DFT and time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) method produce generally closer to good results.