Fabrication and characterization of bioactive glass-ceramic using soda–lime–silica waste glass

• A bioactive glass-ceramic was synthesized using soda–lime–silica waste glass.
• Solid-state reaction method was used to synthesize bioactive glass-ceramic.
• Ca2Na2Si3O9 and CaNaPO4 were formed with a one-step thermal treatment condition.
• The amounts of crystalline and amorphous phases influenced the bioactivity.
• The sample with a smaller amount of the crystalline phase had a higher bioactivity.

Soda–lime–silica waste glass was used to synthesize a bioactive glass-ceramic through solid-state reactions. In comparison with the conventional route, that is, the melt-quenching and subsequent heat treatment, the present work is an economical technique. Structural and thermal properties of the samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The in vitro test was utilized to assess the bioactivity level of the samples by Hanks' solution as simulated body fluid (SBF). Bioactivity assessment by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was revealed that the samples with smaller amount of crystalline phase had a higher level of bioactivity.