Why is nacre so tough and strong?

In this paper we describe the details of simulations conducted on three-dimensional finite element models of nacre integrated with experiments. This work gives an overview of modeling mechanical behavior in nacre and quantitatively elucidates the specific role of many details of structure in nacre on the stress–strain response. We describe the role of each of the details of nanostructure on the mechanics and deformation behavior of nacre as well as identify the key mechanisms responsible for the unique mechanical behavior of nacre. Nanoscale asperities and mineral contacts have marginal role on mechanical response of nacre and platelet interlocks have a significant role on deformation in nacre. We describe the key strengthening and toughening mechanisms in nacre as:1.Material properties of aragonite and organic matrix, especially the unique properties of the organic phase in the confined space between platelets.2.Structure at micro scale: size, shape of platelets etc.3.Interlocking of aragonite platelets: progressive failure of interlocks guides the fracture path.4.Molecular interactions at the organic–inorganic interface.