Synthesis and characterization of Mn-doped ZnO nanorods grown in an ordered periodic honeycomb pattern using nanosphere lithography

We report a study of the structural, optical and magnetic properties of undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanorods grown by chemical bath deposition in a periodic honeycomb lattice formation. Mn-doping is accomplished by a diffusion process at a constant time of 8 h for different temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanorods had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a (0 0 2) preferred orientation. From SEM results, it was seen that Mn-doped ZnO nanorods grew vertically in the honeycomb lattice with lengths of 0.8 μm. XPS results showed that Mn3+ ions was successfully incorporated in the ZnO matrix by substituting for Zn2+ ions and that Mn-doping increased the number of oxygen vacancies in ZnO compared to undoped ZnO. This result was also supported by photoluminescence data at 10 K. Magnetic data showed that all the samples exhibited ferromagnetic character. Although the origin of undoped ZnO is related to oxygen vacancy-induced d0 ferromagnetism, bound magnetic polarons are responsible from the ferromagnetism of Mn-doped ZnO samples which have Tc values above the room temperature.