Adsorption of Ni2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ onto dry biomass of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. I. Single metal systems

Adsorption of Ni2+, Zn2+ or Pb2+ by dry biomass of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Chlorella vulgaris was studied as a function of contact time and initial metal concentration. The zero point of charge calculated for these biosorbents (pHzpc 4.0 and 3.4, respectively) and additional pH tests suggested the use of pH in the range 5.0–5.5 for the experiments. The equilibrium isotherms were evaluated in terms of maximum sorption capacity and sorption affinity. The pseudo first and second order kinetic models were considered to interpret the experimental data, and the latter best described the adsorption system. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir models were shown to well describe the sorption isotherms, thus suggesting an intermediate mono/multilayer sorption mechanism. Compared to A. platensis (qe = 0.354, 0.495 and 0.508 mmol g−1 for Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, respectively), C. vulgaris behaved as a better biosorbent because of higher equilibrium sorption capacity (qe = 0.499, 0.634 and 0.664 mmol g−1, respectively). The removal efficiency decreased with increasing metal concentration, pointing out a passive adsorption process involving the active sites on the surface of the biomasses. The FT-IR spectroscopy evidenced that ions removal occurred mainly by interaction between metal and carboxylate groups present on both the cell walls.

► A. platensis and C. vulgaris are potential biosorbents of Ni2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+.
► Pb2+ removal efficiency was 78.0% with A. platensis and 86.5% with C. vulgaris.
► Both Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium models well described the sorption process.
► Carboxylate groups were mainly responsible for metal sorption onto cells surfaces.