Influence of Li and Nb ratios on the defect structure and exposure energy in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn:Zr crystals

▶ We measured the Zr concentration and Li/Nb ratios in the crystals accurately via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. ▶ We used the results of ultraviolet visible absorption spectra to conclude the defect structure of the crystals. ▶ We proposed a quantitative method to scale light-induced scattering in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn:Zr crystals. ▶ This method could consider the influence of irradiation time on light-induced scattering.