Synthesis of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) and Pr doped BNT using the soft combustion technique and its properties

▶ Lead free piezoelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) and praseodymium doped BNT were produced using the soft combustion technique with the addition glycine a combustion agent. ▶ A single phase BNT and Pr doped BNT of 5, 10, and 20 mol% were obtained after calcination at 800 °C for 3 h. ▶ After sintering at 1100 °C for 3 h, BNT and 5 mol% Pr doped BNT were still in a single phase. However, 10 and 20 mol% Pr doped BNT contained secondary phase, Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT). ▶ The crystallite size and grain size decreased with increasing Pr amount because Pr acted as grain growth inhibitor. The maximum dielectric constant of 756 was obtained in 5% Pr-doped BNT.