Structural evolution induced by acceptor doping into BaTiO3 ceramics

▶ Structural phase transition induced by oxygen vacancy and smaller cation substitution is observed in Fe, Mn and Co doped BaTiO3 ceramics. ▶ Structural incommensurate modulation is observed in the hexagonal Ba(Ti1−'TMx)O3−δ (TM = Fe, Mn and Co) systems. ▶ Rhombohedral Ba(Ti1/3Mn2/3)O3−δ characterized by face-sharing prism corner-connected by oxygen atoms is discovered.