Cold rolling texture, nucleation and direction distribution of {110} grains in 3% Si–Fe alloy strips

{110}<001> nuclei are formed from {110}<001> and {111}<112> cold-rolled 3% Si–Fe alloy surfaces. After final annealing, the number of the {110}<001> grains was the most, irrespective of cold rolling texture or annealing atmosphere. The number of the {110} grains decreased with increasing deviation angle to the <001> direction. Due to the active H2S reaction, the total number of the {110} grains was more after hydrogen annealing than after vacuum annealing.