Interaction between cardiovascular system and respiration

A set of nonlinear dynamic models for the interactive respiration/cardiovascular mechanism is constructed and analyzed in this work. By employing equivalent electric circuits for heart/blood and lung/air systems, the dynamics of cardiovascular system and respiration cycle are established. In order to verify the validity of the dynamic models, numerical simulations and analysis on heart–lung interactions, including the valvular closure incompetence and pulmonary obstruction, are presented and compared with the empirical reports in literature. The derived dynamics of heart–lung interactions can be realized and examined in the biomechanical and medical engineering fields. In addition, the dynamic models can also be employed for the model-based controller synthesis in medical instrumentations, e.g., the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), to retain the function of blood circulation and/or respiration by artificial intelligence.