Performance evaluation of various cryogenic energy storage systems

• We assessed the performance of cryogenic energy storage systems.
• We re-evaluated the Linde–Hampson cycle proposed by Chen.
• We proposed the Claude and Collins cycles as alternatives for the Linde–Hampson cycle.
• We concluded that Claude cycle is the best alternative for the simulated conditions.

This work compares various CES (cryogenic energy storage) systems as possible candidates to store energy from renewable sources. Mitigating solar and wind power variability and its direct effect on local grid stability are already a substantial technological bottleneck for increasing market penetration of these technologies. In this context, CES systems represent low-cost solutions for variability that can be used to set critical power ramp rates. We investigate the different thermodynamic and engineering constraints that affect the design of CES systems, presenting theoretical simulations, indicating that optimization is also needed to improve the cryogenic plant performance.