کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1745902 1018069 2011 8 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The water footprint of hydroelectricity: a methodological comparison from a case study in New Zealand
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی انرژی انرژی های تجدید پذیر، توسعه پایدار و محیط زیست
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
The water footprint of hydroelectricity: a methodological comparison from a case study in New Zealand
چکیده انگلیسی

Hydroelectricity has been rated to have a large water footprint (WF) on global average. We assessed the WF of hydroelectricity by three different methods using New Zealand as a case study. The first (WF-1) and second (WF-2) methods only consider the consumptive water use of the hydroelectricity generation system, while our third method (WF-3) accounts for the net water balance. Irrespective of the method, the WF of New Zealand’s hydroelectricity was found much smaller than the commonly cited international value of 22 m3 GJ−1. Depending on the method, the national WF ranged from 1.55 m3 GJ−1 (WF-3) to 6.05 m3 GJ−1 (WF-1). The WF- 3 considers the net water balance including rainfall, which is the key driver for replenishing water resources. It provides meaningful information that helps our understanding of the differences of the WF in locations, which are diverse in terms of water resource availability. We highlight the effects of local climatic differences and the structural specifics of a hydroelectricity scheme on the WF. The large variation in the WF of hydropower across New Zealand illustrates the inappropriateness of using global average values. Local values, calculated using our hydrologically rational method, must be used.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production - Volume 19, Issue 14, September 2011, Pages 1582–1589
نویسندگان
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