Observations of exoplanets in time-evolving habitable zones of pre-main-sequence M dwarfs

• Future ground-based telescopes will be able to observe planets which stay in the HZ of PMS M dwarfs up to 100 Myrs.
• Within 10 pc there are 18 potential PMS M dwarfs, which could harbor transiently habitable planets.
• Within 10 pc there are several tens of M dwarfs with X-ray and total luminosity ratios similar to that of the young Sun.

It is recently proposed that planets in the habitable zones (HZ) of pre-main-sequence (PMS) M dwarfs are good targets for the detection of habitable environments. In this note we show that future ground-based telescopes will be able to observe planets in time-evolving HZ of PMS M dwarfs with duration 10–100 Myrs. Based on X-ray measurements, there are >18 M0–M4 PMS stars within 10 pc, the characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets around which could provide highly valuable information regarding the evolution of habitable environments. There are tens of M dwarfs within 10 pc with X-ray to total luminosity ratios similar to that of the young Sun, the observations of potential planets around which could significantly improve our understanding of the physical states of early Solar System rocky planets.