The volcanic history of Mars: High-resolution crater-based studies of the calderas of 20 volcanoes

► Twenty volcanic calderas of major martian volcanoes were geologically mapped. ► Crater counts were performed in each caldera. ► A timeline of last volcanism from each caldera was created. ► Martian volcanoes have been active through the majority of Mars' history. ► Apollinaris Mons was the first major volcano to cease major eruptions.