Effects of low-viscous layers and a non-zero obliquity on surface stresses induced by diurnal tides and non-synchronous rotation: The case of Europa

► Diurnal stresses are not always virtually elastic. ► A strongly dissipative warm ice layer causes a westward shift of diurnal stress patterns. ► A small obliquity substantially influences the orientation of diurnal stresses. ► Relaxation of ocean-ice boundary is only important for NSR if the ice shell behaves elastically. ► The large diversity of surface lineaments on Europa suggests variations in the rate of NSR.