Effect of solar activity on the latitudinal variation of peak emission rate of 557.7 nm dayglow emission under equinox conditions

In the present study a comprehensive model has been developed to study the 557.7 nm dayglow emission using Solar2000 EUV flux model. This study presents the model results of diurnal variation of 557.7 nm dayglow emission under equinox conditions. The effect of varying solar activity on this emission is studied for a period of 5 years (2001–2005) at a fixed date of April 3. These date are chosen due to the fact of large variations in the solar activity during the period of 5 years. An analytical formula for peak emission rate in thermosphere (E- and F-region peaks) is obtained from the model results. This analytical formula gives the first ever latitudinal variation of peak emission rate under equinox conditions. The earlier analytical formula obtained by Zhang and Shepherd (2005) from WINDII observations only provides the variation of peak emission rate as a function of solar zenith angle and F10.7 solar index.

► A model is developed to study the atomic oxygen greenline dayglow emission.
► The validity of the model is tested with the help of available WINDII observations.
► An empirical formula is developed to obtain the peak emission rate of E- and F-region peaks.
► The empirical formula is obtained such that it has a latitudinal dependence.
► This formula can be used to find emission rate at any value of latitude.