The temporal evolution of the large equatorial plasma depletions observed during the 29–30 October 2003 storm

This study investigates the temporal evolution of the large plasma depletions observed by ROCSAT-1 and DMSP near 295°E during the 29–30 October 2003 storm. The presence of a penetration electric field around the detection time of the large plasma depletions is supported by the observation of high upward ion drift velocity and formation of an intense equatorial ionization anomaly in the American sector. However, these ionospheric disturbances occur in broad longitude regions; a short-range polarization electric field may adequately explain the creation of the large plasma depletions. The penetration electric field may trigger the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and produce abnormally large plasma depletions during the storm. The TIMED/GUVI and CHAMP observations provide an insight for the evolution of the large depletions several hours after their formation. The large depletions appear as arch-shaped emission depletions in the TIMED/GUVI image and as symmetric depletions paired in the magnetic north and south in the CHAMP observation. These characteristics can be explained by the “plasma depletion shell” phenomenon (Kil et al., 2009) produced by the westward shear flow of the ionosphere during the storm.