Crystal growth of ZnO bulk by CVT method using PVA

Seeded crystal growth of Zinc oxide (ZnO) by the closed ampoule chemical vapor transport (CVT) is carried out using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a transport agent. Under the conditions of TS=1100 °C, ΔT=10 K and the amount of PVA=0.13–0.91 mg/cm3, single-crystalline ZnO was grown continuously on the ZnO seed-crystal, of which the surface was (0 0 0 1) Zn-face. The grown crystals had well-marked growth facets belonged to {1 0 1¯0} and {1 0 1¯ 1} faces. The color of the crystals was changed from pale yellow to dark orange-red depending on the amount of PVA. Typical electron density and the Hall mobility of the crystals were 1×1017 cm−3 and 2×102 cm2/V s at 300 K, respectively.