Diffuse phase transition and high-temperature dielectric relaxation study on (Bi0.5Na0.5)1-xBaxTiO3 ceramics

Lead free (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 (x=0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by the traditional solid state reaction method. Sintering was carried out at 1200 °C for 2 h in air atmosphere. The structural, microstructure and Ferroelectric of ceramics were investigated. In dielectric studies, a diffuse phase transition was exhibited and a dielectric relaxation behavious was observed at high temperature range. Impedance analysis characterized grain and grain boundaries resistivities of the ceramics and calculated activation energy and the activation energy for conduction. Polaron theory indicates that the relaxation of the samples at high temperatures was associated with the hopping ions caused by oxygen vacancies.