Structure and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti0.99Ni0.01)O3-δ ceramic synthesized via high energy ball milling method

The BaTiO3 (BT) and Ni2+ ions doped BaTiO3 (BT–Ni) ceramics with fine grain size were prepared by solid state reaction via high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique. The crystallite structures of samples were refined using the Rietveld refinement method. The results show that the Ni2+ ions are all soluble in BT lattice with the given concentration, which induces the decrease of tetragonality. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of samples were systemically investigated. With the doping of Ni2+ ions, BT–Ni shows a diffuse phase transition behavior. Both of the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BT–Ni are decreased compared with those of BT. The mechanism was also discussed.