Growth evolution of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ thin films deposited by infrared (1064 nm) pulsed laser deposition

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) thin films were grown on MgO (1 0 0) using 1064 nm infrared pulsed laser deposition with post heat treatment. The material arrives at the substrate surface with characteristic spheroidal morphology. Smooth, homogeneous and highly c-axis oriented films were obtained after heat treatment. Using infrared laser as excitation, the stoichiometry of the target is preserved on the film. However, the films were apparently under-doped.