The effect of cooling rates on properties of Bi1.7Pb0.35Sr1.9Ca2.1Cu3Oy superconductors produced by solid-state reaction method

We have investigated the effect of the cooling rates in the Bi-2223 superconducting samples prepared by standard solid-state reaction method using electrical resistivity, transport critical current density, and XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurements. We estimated the transition temperature values from the DC resistivity measurements. We observed that transition temperature, Tc, and transport critical current density, Jctrans, depend on the cooling rates of the samples. They both increase with increasing cooling rates. We estimated the peak temperature, Tp, from our previous ac susceptibility measurements. The pinning force density increased with increasing the cooling rate. XRD patterns are used to calculate lattice parameter c and obtain information about Bi-2223 phase ratio.