Hepatic oxidative DNA damage correlates with iron overload in chronic hepatitis C patients

Hepatic oxidative stress occurs in chronic hepatitis C (CH-C), but little is known about its producing mechanisms and precise role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To determine the relevance of hepatic oxidatively generated DNA damage in CH-C, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts were quantified in liver biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical staining, and its relationship with clinical, biochemical, and histological parameters, and treatment response was assessed in 40 CH-C patients. Hepatic 8-OHdG counts were significantly correlated with serum transaminase levels (r = 0.560, p = 0.0005) and histological grading activity (p = 0.0013). Remarkably, 8-OHdG levels were also significantly related to body and hepatic iron storage markers (vs serum ferritin, r = 0.565, p = 0.0004; vs hepatic total iron score, r = 0.403, p = 0.0119; vs hepatic hepcidin messenger RNA, r = 0.516, p = 0.0013). Baseline hepatic oxidative stress was more prominent in nonsustained virological responder (non-SVR) than in SVR to interferon (IFN)/ribavirin treatment (50.8 vs 32.7 cells/105 μm2, p = 0.0086). After phlebotomy, hepatic 8-OHdG levels were significantly reduced from 53.4 to 21.1 cells/105 μm2 (p = 0.0125) with concomitant reductions of serum transaminase and iron-related markers in CH-C patients. In conclusion, this study showed that hepatic oxidatively generated DNA damage frequently occurs and is strongly associated with increased iron deposition and hepatic inflammation in CH-C patients, suggesting that iron overload is an important mediator of hepatic oxidative stress and disease progression in chronic HCV infection.