Development of an electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor based on the incorporation of a ferricyanide mediator with a polyelectrolyte–calcium carbonate microsphere

A novel electro-active material was successfully prepared with Fe(CN)63− ions loaded by electrostatic interaction onto the layer of poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH), which was first assembled on prepared poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)-doped porous calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microspheres. Further, an electrochemical sensor for use in ascorbic acid (AA) detection was constructed with the use of the above electro-active materials embedded into a chitosan (CS) sol–gel matrix as an electron mediator. The electrocatalytic oxidation of AA by ferricyanide was observed at the potential of 0.27 V, which was negative-shifted compared with that by direct electrochemical oxidation of AA on a glassy carbon electrode. The experimental parameters, including the pH value of testing solution and the applied potential for detection of AA, were optimized. The current electrochemical sensor not only exhibited a good reproducibility and storage stability, but also showed a fast amperometric response to AA in a linear range (1.0 × 10−6 to 2.143 × 10−3 M), a low detection limit (7.0 × 10−7 M), a fast response time (<6 s), and a high sensitivity (−4.5127 μA mM−1).