A novel ncRNA gene from mouse chromosome 5 trans-splices with Dmrt1 on chromosome 19

Dmrt1 (Dsx- and Mab3-related transcription factor-1), a conserved transcription factor in different phyla, is a key regulator in sex determination. Here, we report the novel ncRNA gene Dmr (Dmrt1-related gene), from mouse chromosome 5 that trans-splices with Dmrt1 from chromosome 19 to generate a Dmrt1 protein that lacks the C-terminus. Dmr is mouse and rat specific, and the surrounding genes are also conserved in both species. Dmr is alternatively spliced, and three isoforms, Dmr a, b and c, are detected in the testis. Further, Dmr serves mainly as a 3′ UTR, promotes trans-splicing and down-regulates the Dmrt1 protein. These results suggest that Dmr might play a negative regulatory role for Dmrt1 in male sexual development.

Research highlights
► A novel ncRNA gene Dmr (Dmrt1-related gene) is situated on mouse chromosome 5.
► Trans-splicing event occurs between Dmrt1 on chromosome 19 with Dmr on chromosome 5, which generates a C-terminal absent Dmrt1 protein.
► Dmr is multiple alternatively spliced and three isoforms, Dmr a, b, and c were detected in testis.
► Dmr serves mainly as 3′ UTR, promotes trans-splicing and down-regulates Dmrt1 protein.