Fluid shear stress enhances the sphingosine 1-phosphate responses in cell–cell interactions between platelets and endothelial cells

Fluid shear stress modulates the functional responses of platelets and vascular cells, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Since shear stress induces activation of platelets, which abundantly store sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), and upregulates the mRNA expression of S1P1, the most important Sph-1-P receptor expressed on the endothelial cells, we examined the effects of shear stress on the Sph-1-P-related responses involving these cells. Shear stress was found to induce Sph-1-P release from the platelets in a shear intensity- and time-dependent manner. Inhibitors of protein kinase C suppressed this mechanical force-induced Sph-1-P release, suggesting involvement of this kinase. On the other hand, in vascular endothelial cells, shear stress increased S1P1 protein expression, as revealed by flow-cytometric analysis, and the responsiveness to Sph-1-P, which was assessed by monitoring the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These results indicate that shear stress enhances the Sph-1-P responses in cell–cell interactions between platelets and endothelial cells.