Suppression of PTEN expression during aggregation with retinoic acid in P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells

Apoptosis is thought to be involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, as well as various pathological processes. However, little information is available about the regulation of apoptosis during the aggregation stage of P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Here we report that aggregation-induced apoptosis is markedly attenuated by treatment with retinoic acid (RA). PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) expression was down-regulated during the aggregation phase of P19 EC cells in the presence, but not in the absence, of RA. Suppression of PTEN expression during the aggregation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Our results suggest that RA attenuates the induction of apoptosis during the aggregation phase of P19 EC cells, probably by suppressing PTEN expression.