Identification of pseudo attP sites for phage ϕC31 integrase in bovine genome

Streptomyces phage ϕC31 integrase was found to mediate site-specific integration of foreign genes at pseudo attP sites of genomes in human, mouse, rat, and Drosophila. This paper reports that ϕC31 integrase can also mediate homologous recombination between attB and pseudo attP sites in bovine cells and foreign gene integration was increased at least 2-fold in bovine fibroblasts or Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Two intrinsic pseudo attP sites named BpsF1 and BpsM1 located in the inter-gene regions on chromosome 28 and 19, respectively, were identified in bovine genome. These pseudo attP sites shared similar characteristics with those from other species as previously described. Our study demonstrated that the ϕC31 integrase system provides a new potential for genetic engineering of the bovine genome and might be beneficial for the research on ruminant.