Short-type PB-cadherin promotes self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells via multiple signaling pathways

Stem cells represent a unique population of cells with self-renewal capacity. However, the molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that short-type PB-cadherin (STPB-C) promoted self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) via activating Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K)/Akt, and blocking transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling. These data were obtained with varied approaches, including the use of RNA interference (RNAi), SSC cultures infected by STPB-C retroviral vector, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and other techniques. These findings have important implications for germ cell biology and create the possibility of using SSCs for biotechnology and medicine. They are also critical in understanding tissue homeostasis, the aging process, tumor formation and degenerative diseases.