Integrins of Anopheles gambiae and a putative role of a new β integrin, BINT2, in phagocytosis of E. coli

Mosquitoes use effective immune responses, including phagocytosis, to fight microbial infection. Here we show that in an Anopheles gambiae   immune responsive cell line, RGD recognizing receptors play an important role in the phagocytic response, suggesting overlap between molecular components implicated in adhesion and phagocytosis. Integrins are a major class of adhesive receptors that recognize ligands containing an RGD motif. We have cloned a gene encoding a new ββ integrin, BINT2, and demonstrated its involvement in Escherichia coli engulfment. Based on molecular modeling, we propose a structural reason for the role of BINT2, but not BINT1, on phagocytosis of Gram-negative bacteria. Using bioinformatic tools, we have identified and compared the complete A. gambiae integrin repertoire as a prelude to a future systematic functional study.