Pharmacological benefits of agomelatine and vanillin in experimental model of Huntington's disease

• 3-NPA has induced impaired learning, memory, movement and other HD symptoms.
• 3-NPA has impaired brain AChE, TBARS, GSH, SOD, CAT, NO2, mitochondrial function.
• Modulation of MT1-MT2 (Agomelatin) has attenuated 3-NPA induced HD symptoms.
• Modulation of TRPV1 (vanillin) has attenuated 3-NPA induced HD symptoms.
• Melatonin & vanilloid receptor modulation may be explored for benefits in HD.

Huntington's disease (HD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, emotional disturbances, dementia, weight loss, depression. Melatonin receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system. Vanilloids are also valuable as pharmacological tools for investigating neurobiology. This study investigates the utility of agomelatine, a dual agonist of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor as well as vanillin, a selective agonist of TRPV1 (vanilloid receptor) in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) induced experimental HD in rats. Locomotor activity (Actophotometer), motor coordination (Rota rod) and learning-memory (Morris water maze) were assessed. Brain striatum oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation-MDA, glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate) and mitochondrial enzyme complexes (I, II and IV) were also assessed. 3-NPA has induced weight loss, impaired locomotion, motor coordination as well as learning and memory. It has induced brain striatum oxidative as well as nitrosative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and impaired mitochondrial enzyme complexes (I, II and IV). Tetrabenazine (TBZ) was used as positive control. Treatment with agomelatine and vanillin and TBZ has significantly attenuated 3-NPA induced weight loss, impaired locomotion, motor coordination and learning-memory as well as biochemical impairments. Thus, agomelatine and vanillin exhibit protective effects against 3-NPA induced HD. It may be concluded that agomelatine and vanillin may provide benefits in HD.