کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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2013661 | 1067126 | 2009 | 7 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Anemarrhenaasphodeloides Bunge (AA, family Liliaceae), which primarily contains xantones, such as mangiferin, and steroidal saponins, such as timosaponin AIII and sarsasapogenin, has been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-depressant agent in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the memory-enhancing effects of these saponins were investigated in scopolamine-treated mice. Among saponins, timosaponin AIII (TA3) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced deficits in a passive avoidance test and in the Morris water maze test. TA3 also increased hippocampal acetylcholine levels in scopolamine-treated mice and dose-dependently inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (IC50 value, 35.4 μM). When TA3 (50 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice and its blood concentration was measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, the Cmax of TA3 occurred 4–6 h after TA3 treatment. The memory-enhancing effect of TA3 was greater when it was administered 5 h before the acquisition trial than 1 h before. Scopolamine treatment in mice increased brain levels of TNF-α and IL-1β expression. However, treatment with TA3 and scopolamine inhibited the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β expression. These results suggest that scopolamine may cause learning and memory deficits that are further complicated by inflammation. TA3 also inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling in BV-2 microglia and in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells induced with TNF-α or scopolamine. Nevertheless, TA3 may ameliorate memory deficits, mainly by inhibiting AChE.
Journal: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior - Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2009, Pages 121–127