Selenium and spermine alleviate cadmium induced toxicity in the red seaweed Gracilaria dura by regulating antioxidants and DNA methylation

► Cd induced oxidative stress involve lipoxygenase for the ROS accumulation. ► Se and/or Spm regulate antioxidant machinery and n-6 PUFAs during Cd stress. ► Se and/or Spm application induce the accumulation of F and BI Put and Spm. ► Se and/or Spm regulate the stabilization of DNA methylation under Cd exposure.