Un modèle d'oreille agrandie, démontable par Auzoux : observation et reconstruction photographique tridimensionnelle

The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a 19th century anatomical model of an ear by Auzoux (a French manufacturer). It measured 63 cm in length; 43 cm in width; 37 cm in height. The disassembled parts were studied on the morphological aspect in its whole and after removing of its components: external ear (43 cm × 23 cm × 15 cm), tympanic drum and middle ear ossicles; cochleo-vestibular apparatus. The main dimensions of each part were recorded. The arterial vascularisation of the three components of the ear and its sensitive and sensorial nervous system were established on the model which represented the external carotid artery with its terminal bifurcation, several collateral branches specially the posterior auricular artery and the middle meningeal artery; the internal carotid artery at the two extremities of the carotid canal. The cochleo-vestibular and facial nerve as well as other elements of small calibre were exactly figured and labelled by a number. The middle ear components were disassembled. The ossicles of the middle ear and a dried peritoneal tympanic membrane were dismountable as a whole. Only a few minor modification from the admitted data of anatomy as well as the cutaneous muscles of the external ear were observed on this sample, the anatomical aspects of which were very precisely represented. The material was typical of the Auzoux manner: a special papier-mâché whose conception and realization remains unequalled. This kind of very rare model can be dated at the earliest 1835 (Lemire, 1990).