Mechanical activation of natural acidic igneous rocks for use in cement

• Mechanical activation of three acidic natural rocks to be used in cement was studied.
• Activated materials improve significantly compressive strength of mortar.
• As the activated materials in cement increase, the mortar strength decreases.
• The cement consumption can be decreased by 30% using activated perlite and pumice.
• Perlite and pumice are appropriate natural pozzolans to be used in cement mix.

Mechanical activation of three natural acidic igneous rocks, including granite, pumice, and perlite, was studied using a planetary mill. Positive effects of milling were demonstrated with respect to the compressive strength of mortars with the partial substitution of cement by mechanically activated acidic powders. A set of mortar specimens was made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% activated powder replacement.X-ray diffraction and mineralogy studies revealed that the initial granite consists of fully crystalline phases, while pumice and perlite contain not only amorphous but also crypto-crystalline phases. It was found that pumice and perlite rapidly lost their crystalline nature through milling, remaining in solely amorphous phases after 15 min of milling, whereas granite maintained its crystalline nature even after 45 min. Milling generates a larger specific surface area, much more remarkable for pumice than for granite and perlite, but due to reactive agglomeration, there was a limitation on the specific surface area of pumice. All three mechanically activated acidic powders had significant effects on strength development especially at the early ages of solidification. But in the long term their effects depended on material type and grinding condition. The greatest strength improvement was achieved by mechanically activating perlite for 30 min, at 10% substitution in cement mix. Cement consumption can be reduced by up to 30% in weight using mechanically activated powders in cement mix while keeping the 28 day compressive strength at a satisfactory level. In addition, ultrasonic pulsation of mechanically-activated perlite indicated that the specific surface area was mostly influential and available in the early stages of solidification, while structural changes appeared to be so at later stages of hardening.

The reduction of cement consumption up to 30% using mechanically activated pumice and perlite powders.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide