Liquid–liquid miscibility and volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of ionic liquids as a function of temperature

The volumetric properties of seven {water + ionic liquid} binary mixtures have been studied as a function of temperature from (293 to 343) K. The phase behaviour of the systems was first investigated using a nephelometric method and excess molar volumes were calculated from densities measured using an Anton Paar densimeter and fitted using a Redlich–Kister type equation. Two ionic liquids fully miscible with water (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C1C4Im][BF4]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([C1C2Im][EtSO4])) and five ionic liquids only partially miscible with water (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C1C2Im][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C1C4Im][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C1C4Im][PF6]), 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C1C4Pyrro][NTf2]), and butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([N4111][NTf2])) were chosen. Small excess volumes (less than 0.5 cm3 · mol−1 at 298 K) are obtained compared with the molar volumes of the pure components (less than 0.3% of the molar volume of the pure ionic liquid). For all the considered systems, except for {[C1C2Im][EtSO4] + water}, positive excess molar volumes were calculated. Finally, an increase of the non-ideality character is observed for all the systems as temperature increases.