BiVO4–Bi2O3/ITO electrodes prepared by layer-by-layer: Application in the determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations and urine

• Use of modified electrodes in sensitive determination of atenolol (ATN) in real samples
• Combustion Synthesis used to produced composite of BiVO4–Bi2O3
• Layer-by-layer technique used to prepare modified electrodes

BiVO4–Bi2O3 composite particles were synthesized by combustion synthesis (SCS) and immobilized on the ITO surface by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The BiVO4–Bi2O3 composite electrode was applied in the amperometric determination of atenolol (ATN) in pharmaceutical formulations and in urine using 0.25 mol L− 1 NaNO3 as supporting electrolyte. A well-defined oxidation peak of ATN has been observed in 1.12 V versus Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L− 1 KCl) by cyclic voltammetry. Analytical curve presented good linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and it was obtained in the concentration range of 50.0–800 μmol L− 1 ATN with slope of 2.73 × 105 μA mol− 1 L. The detection limit is found to be 0.459 μmol L− 1. The proposed method was used for ATN determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples and the recoveries range of 94.0 to 104%. BiVO4–Bi2O3 electrode exhibited good selectivity and repeatability, besides simplicity and low cost construction as well as stability without the need for surface renewal before each measure.

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