Immobilization of Escherichia coli cells using porous support particles coated with cationic polymers

The technique of cell immobilization using porous biomass support particles (BSPs), which is attractive from the point of view of simplicity and convenience, relies on the inherent ability of adhesive cells, as a consequence of their growth, to form films around the support material or the ability of flocculent cells to create flocs within the porous structure. In the present study, the immobilization of Escherichia coli cells using BSPs was investigated in shake-flask culture. The density of the cells immobilized within the BSPs was evaluated by measuring their intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Since E. coli K12 cells were not successfully retained within reticulated polyvinyl formal (PVF) resin BSPs with matrices of relatively small pores (pore diameter 60 μm), coating the surface of the BSPs with various polymers was examined as a way of promoting cell attachment. When positively charged polyamino acids such as poly-L-lysine, poly-L-arginine, poly-L-histidine, and poly-L-ornithine were adsorbed onto the particle surface, they were found to increase the immobilized cell density, while neutral and negatively charged polyamino acids including poly-L-asparagine and poly-L-glutamic acid were not effective. These results indicate that E. coli cells can be efficiently immobilized in PVF resin BSPs by electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged ions of the cell surface and the positively charged polymers adsorbed onto the BSP surface. A significantly high immobilized cell density was also achieved by coating the surface of the BSPs with the synthetic polymeric amine polyethyleneimine.