کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
2413937 1552060 2014 13 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Environmental performance of nitrogen fertiliser limits imposed by the EU Nitrates Directive
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
عملکرد محیطی محدودیت های کود نیتروژن که توسط دستورالعمل نیتروژن اتحادیه اروپا اعمال می شود
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک علوم زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
چکیده انگلیسی


• Residual soil mineral N (RSMN) often increases after a breakpoint at high N rates.
• Nitrogen uptake response curves and RSMN to N dose, are a basis for sound N rates.
• A formalized rationale for N rates is a good strategy to meet the Nitrates Directive.
• Nitrogen application standards and recommendations can be based on mineral N balances.

Despite positive nitrate (NO3−) concentration trends in surface waters and, to a lesser extent, ground waters, NO3− losses from agricultural soils in Europe must further decrease. A strict limitation of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser application rates is considered to be the best N management strategy to minimise NO3− losses to surface and ground water. This limitation, however, has also to be seen in view of plant N uptake characteristics.Yield and nitrogen dose response curves and residual soil mineral N (RSMN) contents at harvest were tested to scientifically substantiate fertilisation rates and limits. We re-analysed field experiments on cut grassland, silage maize, potatoes, sugar beets and winter wheat with various N fertiliser application rates at various locations in Flanders and northern Wallonia. The aim was to derive yield/crop N uptake and RSMN values at all N levels to derive optimum effective N fertiliser application rates for all of these crops. The relationship between yield/N uptake and effective N fertilisation rates were deduced from these N dose response curves. The RSMN was consistently low for cut grassland, sugar beets and winter wheat. For potatoes and silage maize, the maximum allowed N fertilisation rates resulted in relatively high RSMN. This puts a limit on the allowed N fertilisation rates for these crops.Minimising the RSMN whilst maintaining crop yields requires a correct understanding and quantification of all parameters of the soil mineral N balance (SMNB). The N dose response curves combined with RSMN values and all other factors of the SMNB during the cropping period allow to calculate the N surpluses. Furthermore, the N dose response curve, the RSMN and N surplus calculated for the cropping period give an indication of the efficiency of the applied effective N and can be used as a basis for a rational N fertilisation advice and maximum allowed N fertilisation rates.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment - Volume 192, 1 July 2014, Pages 67–79
نویسندگان
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