Prunella vulgaris enhances the non-specific immune response and disease resistance of Paralichthys olivaceus against Uronema marinum

The effect of traditional Prunella vulgaris extracts enriched diets at 0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1.0% doses were investigated the non-specific immune response and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Uronema marinum on weeks 1, 2, and 4. The scuticocidal activity significantly increased in groups fed with 0.1% and 1.0% doses of P. vulgaris enriched diets against U. marinum on weeks 2 and 4. The effect of P. vulgaris extract enriched diets on respiratory burst activities significantly increased on weeks 2 and 4 in the 0.1% and 1.0% doses. On the other hand, the phagocytic activities significantly enhanced at 0.1% and 1.0% doses of P. vulgaris extract enriched diet from weeks 1 to 4. All diets a significantly increase in plasma lysozyme activity on weeks 2 and 4. However, complement activity was significant in the 0.1% and 1.0% doses of P. vulgaris on fourth week. Feeding with 0.1% and 1.0% diets was the most effective and reduced the mortality then 0.01% diet. These results indicate that 0.1% and 1.0% doses of P. vulgaris extracts enriched diets potentially enhanced the non-specific immune response and disease resistance of P. olivaceus against U. marinum.