Immunological and health-state parameters in the Patagonian rockfish Sebastes oculatus. Their relation to chemical stressors and seasonal changes

We present the results of a field study that evaluates whether exposure to anthropogenic pollution impacts immunological and health-state parameters of wild marine fish during the breeding and non-breeding periods. We assessed aspects of innate immunity (bactericidal capacity, bacterial agglutination, and leukocyte profile) and general health-related parameters (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hematocrit, and condition factor) in the Patagonian rockfish (Sebastes oculatus) sampled from polluted (exposed) and reference (control) sites during winter (i.e., coolest temperatures and active reproductive period) and in summer (i.e., warmest temperatures and non-reproductive period). Results showed lower bactericidal competence, hematocrit, and condition factor in fish from exposed sites independently of season, whereas lymphocytes were higher and monocytes lower at the exposed site only during summer. Moreover, fish sampled during winter displayed lower bactericidal competence, hematocrit, and condition factor than those sampled in summer independently of site, whereas the opposite pattern was found for bacterial agglutination. These results could be explained by life-history theory, which predicts a re-allocation of resources between reproduction and other physiological functions (including immunity) during the most energetically demanding season. The present results show an alteration in immunological and health-state parameters of wild marine fish exposed to anthropogenic pollution independently of season, which could potentially result in higher susceptibility to disease and in turn population decline.